Nonpiping high glazed coated fabric



fluly 7, 1936. c. B. HALL 2,946,944

NONPIPING HIGH GLAZED COATED FABRIC Filed May 12, 1954 4-DRYING on.\IARNISH 3 -CELLUL05E DERIVATIVE BLOWN 01L- PIGMENT PZ-Cnwms:DERIVATIVE- FIGMENT-CASTOROIL 1; FABRIC I N VEN TOR.

Car/"0U 5.11mi

A TTORNEY.

Patented July 7, 1936 UNITED} STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,046,944 NONPIPINGHIGH GLAZED COATED FABRIC Application May 12, 1934, Serial No. 125,37911 Claims. (Cl. 91-68) This invention relates to the production ofnonpiping high glazed patent leather finish for nonrigid surfaces andmore particularly to the production of non-piping high glazed patentleather finish for coated fabrics of the cellulose derivative type.

High luster or patent leather finishes on leather or coated fabrics areproduced by the application of, to suitable base coatings, drying oilvarnishes or clear dispersions in organic dispersing media of cellulosederivatives such as ellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, etc. The dryingoil varnishes must, of course, be baked so as to become thoroughly dryand hard in order to produce a high degree of luster. The bakingtemperatures for the usual types of varnishes usedmay vary from 150 F.to 200 F. or higher, the temperature used depending to a large extent onthe particular type of varnish applied and finish de- 20 sired. Whendrying oil varnishes are used, it is necessary and essential that no 11of the nondrying oil type such as raw castor oil be present in the basecoats, because during the baking operation, the non-drying oil may exudefrom the base coating and mix with the varnish, thus inhibiting orpreventing the varnish from drying and hardening to produce thehigh'iuster finish. In order to prevent this difliculty, it has beenfound necessary to use as softeners in the cellulose derivative basecoatings, an oil of the drying or semi-drying type such as boiled orblown linseed oil, blown cottonseed oil or blown castor oil. r ferent inelasticity from the top film which produces the high luster and onbending or folding such high luster material, a crinkling effect isproduced which consists of a series of fine parallel lines. Thiscrinkling effect is known to those 40 versed in, the coated fabricindustry as piping.

Piping mars the high luster surface of the material and is not readilyremedied, if ever, when the cause of the folding or bending is removed.This piping is an objection to practically all of 45 the high glazed orpatent leather finish coated fabrics now produced, in which a drying oiltype varnish is used.

This invention has as an object the elimination of the defect known aspiping in high luster 50 or patent leather finishes on non-rigidsurfaces.

- A further object is the eliminationof the crinkling -or piping in highluster or patent leather finish coated fabric of the cellulosederivative composition type. I

These objects are accomplished according to the present invention by theuse of a coating sys- Films of such compositions are'quite diftem inwhich the elasticity of the compositions comprising the various strataof the film more nearly approach the elasticity of the high glazed topstratum, thus obviating the cause of the wrinkling or piping. 5

The following example is submitted as illustrative of the invention, butnotas a limitation thereof.

The single figure represents a diagrammatic section through a fabriccoated according to the 10 one form of the herein disclosed invention.In the drawing i represents the base fabric; 2 is a cellulose derivativecomposition coat containing pigment and raw castor oil. The second orintermediate layer is indicated as 3 and contains 15 a cellulosederivative and a blown oil. The surface layer 4 represents a cleardrying oil varnish coat.

To the flexible sheet material as a base are applied successive coats ofa cellulose nitrateraw castor oil composition of the following formula:

Composition A r Parts by weight Cellulose nitrate 12.1 Pigment 18.6 Rawcastor oil 27.5 Solvent. 41.8

This composition is applied by means of a doctor knife in a suitablemachine which has means for suitably evaporating the solvent and dryingthe composition and thus producing the film on the flexible base sheetmaterial. Many variations in the means for applying the composition willbe readily apparent to those versed in the art. The composition may beapplied in'as many coats as desired, although for economic reasons it ispreferable to keep the number of applications as low as is consistentwith the production of a high quality film. The above composition isapplied to the extent of from 50 to 85% by weight of the total weight ofcellulose derivative-softener composition to be applied to the flexiblebase sheet material. The preferred amount has been found, however, to beapproximately 75%. After this composition has been applied there is thenapplied a composition of the following formula:

(Imposition B Parts by weight Cellulose nitrate 12.1 Pigment 18.6 Blowncotton seed oil.. 27.5 Solvent 41.8

I This composition is applied according to the method previouslydescribed for applying the base coatings. The amount applied may varybetween and 50% by weight of the total cellulose derivative film,although experience has shown that approximately 25% is the preferableamount. Tothe flexible base sheet material so coated is applied thefinal coat or coats of a suitable drying oil varnish which produces thehigh luster finish. The method of application of such a varnish is knownto those skilled in the art and special variations will be readilyrecognized. Such varnishes, as is well known, are usually dried byheating in a suitable chamber for vary Cellulose nitrate 11.9-13.5Pigment 11.il9.2

Softener 2'l.3-33.7 Solvent 37.5-44.8

A solvent which has been found to be satisfactory consists of ethylacetate 38%, ethyl alcohol by volume)" 60% and acetone 2%. The acetoneforms in this particular case the denaturing ingredient in theindustrial ethyl alcohol used and incidentally also forms a part of theactive solvent ingredient of the mixture.

While raw castor oil has been mentioned as the softener ingredient inthe composition used as the foundation coats, I do not wish to limitmyself to this softener. Solvent softeners such as tricresyl phosphate,dibutyl phthalate and dibutyl tartrate can satisfactorily replace theraw castor oil. For the composition which forms that portion of the filmdirectly adjacent to the varnish top coat, blown castor oil, blownrapeseed oil or resins of the type known in the trade as Paraplex resinsare satisfactory.

The flexible sheet material base may be any one of those commonly usedin the coated fabric art as sheeting, drill, duck, sateen or moleskinweaves. A fibrous non-woven flexible sheet as felt and similar materialmay also be used as the base.

While cellulose nitrate has been found to be satisfactory as thecellulose derivative ingredient of the coating compositions, othercellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate can be used. The solventused may vary according to the cellulose derivative which is selectedand will also be influenced by other factors. Variations in the choiceof solvents will, however, be readily apparent to those skilled in theart of preparing coating compositions with cellulose derivatives.

High glazed or patent leather finish coated fabrics are used as asatisfactory substitute in many places where genuine patent leather isused. It also finds many uses where genuine patent leather is notsuitable either from a practical or economic standpoint. Examples ofuses for the patent leather finish coated fabric are luggage, purses,millinery trimmings, shoe trimmings, etc.

Advantages of the practice of the invention are the production of highluster or patent leather finish coated fabrics in which is eliminatedthe defect of piping existent in the product as manufactured accordingto the present state 01' the art. This is accomplished by usingcompositions which produce films approaching uniformity in elasticitywith the result that the several strata of the composite film do nothave wide variations in elasticity, thus reducing to a minimum or 5eliminating entirely the piping effect which exists in the material madeaccording to present practice. A further advantage of the practice ofthe invention is the production of a softer and more pliable finishedproduct due to the use of raw 10 castor oil or plasticizers in the basecoating. It is well known to those versed in the art that raw oils andplasticizers produce softer and more pliable films than the treatedoils, such as the blown oils. The use of blown oil coatings directlyadjacent to the high luster producing coatings is, of course, essentialas previously discussed, to produce a finish which will dry properly,and possess a high luster.

It is apparent that many widely different embodiments of this inventionmay be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and,therefore, it is not intended to be limited'except as indicated in theappended claims.

I claim:

l. A flexible sheet material having a high luster finish comprising anon-brittle undercoat of cellulose derivative-softener-pigmentcomposition; intermediate coats of cellulose derivative-blown vegetableoil-pigment composition; and a top 30 coat of a drying oil varnish, thesoftener referred to being a member of the group consisting of rawvegetable oils and solvent softeners.

2. A flexible sheet material having a high luster finish comprisingnon-brittle undercoats of cel- 35 lulose derivative-raw vegetableoil-pigment composition; intermediate coats of cellulosederivative-blown vegetable oil-pigment composition and a top coat of adrying oil varnish.

3. Product of claim 2 in which the raw vegetable oil is castor oil.

4. Product of claim 1 in which the blown vegetable oil is blown castoroil.

5. Product of claim 1 in which the blown vegetable oil is blowncottonseed oil.

6. A flexible sheet material having a high luster finish comprising anon-brittle undercoat of cellulose nitrate-softener-pig'mentcomposition; intermediate coats of cellulose nitrate-blownvegetableoil-pigment composition; and a top coat of a drying oil varnish, thesoftener referred to being a member of the group consisting of rawvegetable oils and solvent softeners.

'7. Product of claim 6 in which the blown vegetable oil is blown castoroil.

8. Product of claim 6 in which the blown vegetable oil is blowncottonseed oil.

9. A process which comprises applying to a flexible base material acomposition consisting of approximately 21% cellulose nitrate, 47% rawcastor oil and 32% pigment dissolved in a solvent, allowing the solventto evaporate, and applying a second similar coat in which the raw castoroil is substituted in whole or part by blown cottonseed oil, andallowing the solvent to evaporate 65 and applying a finish coat ofdrying oil varnish.

10. Process of claim 9 in which about 75% of the total cell osederivative coating compositions is appli as a first coat.

11. A flexible sheet material having a high 70 lustre finish comprisinga plurality of a cellulose derivative-softener-pigment compositioncoats, the softener in the first coat being raw castor oil and in thesubsequent coats, blown cotton-seed oil.

CARROLL B. HALL.

